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New Delhi: As India advances towards its renewable energy targets, the Economic Survey 2025 has highlighted the need for innovation and investment in battery storage, grid infrastructure, and critical minerals to ensure a stable energy transition. The report emphasized that while the country has made significant strides in expanding renewable energy capacity, challenges related to storage, transmission, and mineral supply must be addressed to sustain long-term growth.
The survey stated that “innovation and investment in addressing the problems related to renewable energy – battery storage, grid infrastructure, and critical minerals – must be the focus in the short to medium term.” It emphasized that battery storage technologies require significant research and development to ensure energy reliability, and investments in recycling and sustainable disposal of renewable energy waste are critical for long-term sustainability.
Highlighting the need for a strategic approach to managing energy resources, the report said, “The mission mode approach to developing carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology is essential for the continued use and enhancement of thermal power plants in the medium term.” It noted that while renewable energy is expanding, thermal power plants will continue to play a crucial role, making advancements in clean coal technologies essential.
The survey underlined the importance of grid infrastructure improvements to facilitate the integration of large-scale renewable energy. “To strengthen its renewable energy initiatives, India must prioritize investment in extensive grid infrastructure improvements and the secure sourcing of critical minerals necessary for this transformative shift,” it stated.
The report also flagged supply chain vulnerabilities in sourcing essential minerals for energy storage technologies. It stated that the Ministry of Mines has analyzed 33 critical minerals vital to India’s economic security and found that 24 are currently at high risk of supply disruptions. The survey emphasized that ensuring a stable supply of these minerals is necessary for advancing battery storage, electric mobility, and clean energy applications.
The survey reiterated that “access to critical minerals that are needed for storage technology” is a key challenge in India’s renewable energy transition. It called for investment in domestic mining and processing capabilities to reduce reliance on global supply chains and enhance India’s energy security.
The report stated that ensuring a stable and sustainable renewable energy transition requires technological advancements, infrastructure investments, and strategic mineral sourcing. It called for coordinated policy measures to support investments in these key areas and strengthen India’s position in the global clean energy market.
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