It’s Trump’s move, and donors vs. national security

President-elect Donald Trump was early to warn about the national security dangers posed by TikTok during his first term in office, with rhetoric and policy discussions that framed the social media app within his aggressive anti-China stance. But during the 2024 campaign, Trump seemed to do an about-face.

In an interview on CNBC’s “Squawk Box” last March, Trump said banning TikTok would make young people “go crazy” and would also benefit Meta Platforms‘ Facebook.

“There’s a lot of good and there’s a lot of bad with TikTok,” Trump said. “But the thing I don’t like is that without TikTok, you can make Facebook bigger, and I consider Facebook to be an enemy of the people, along with a lot of the media.”

Trump’s transition team hasn’t commented on TikTok specifically, but has said the election results give the president a mandate to follow through on the promises he made on the campaign trail, and there are some big deadlines coming up related to TikTok’s fate.

Before Trump has the chance to weigh in as president, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit issued a ruling on Friday upholding the new law requiring ByteDance, TikTok’s Chinese parent company, to divest its U.S. operations by January 19. This case has broad implications, touching on national security concerns, constitutional questions about free speech, and the future of foreign-owned tech platforms in the U.S. The decision is not a surprise as courts generally defer to the executive and legislative branches on national security matters. The government has also given Congress clear constitutional authority to regulate foreign commerce, which supports the legislation requiring ByteDance divestment. Regardless, this case is likely headed to the Supreme Court.

But for now, with Trump to be sworn in on Jan. 20, one day after the federal ban on TikTok is scheduled to begin, Trump’s comments have intensified deep concerns about the influence that major donors will have in a second Trump administration and the extent to which private financial interests will be prioritized over national security and public welfare. In fact, it may be the first major decision made by Trump that tells us just how far his administration is willing to go in prioritizing the donor wish list.

At the center of this controversy is Jeff Yass, a major Republican donor with significant financial ties to ByteDance, TikTok’s parent company. Yass, who contributed over $46 million to Republican causes during the 2024 election cycle, reportedly met with Trump in March, though the details of their conversation remain unclear. What is clear, however, is that Yass’s ownership stake in ByteDance has fueled concerns in Washington about whether Trump’s reversal was influenced by donor priorities rather than a pure devotion to market competition.

The Wall Street Journal recently reported that TikTok’s CEO has been personally lobbying Elon Musk, who now has a close relationship with the President-Elect, on his company’s behalf. Meanwhile, Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg dined with Trump at Mar-a-Lago last week.

The optics of a TikTok ban reversal are troubling. Imagine the backlash if a prominent Democratic donor like George Soros — frequently vilified by Republicans — had similarly positioned himself to influence major policy decisions tied to his personal financial interests. The accusations of corruption and undue influence, if not worse, would be deafening. Yet figures like Yass and particularly Elon Musk — who has duct-taped himself, and his entangled financial interests to Trump’s transition team and many of their personnel and policy decisions — face little scrutiny from the same critics who level conspiracy theories against Soros.

This selective outrage underscores a systemic problem: a political system where major donors wield significant influence over policymaking, often without bipartisan expressions of concern or actions that force transparency or accountability.

TikTok’s weaponized influence

Concerns about donor influence are amplified when considering the risks associated with TikTok itself. The app’s meteoric rise has sparked bipartisan alarm over its ties to the Chinese government. Lawmakers and intelligence officials have consistently warned about its potential for data harvesting, espionage, and propaganda. These concerns are not abstract. During the last congressional push to ban TikTok, the app demonstrated its ability to weaponize its platform by rapidly mobilizing its user base to flood lawmakers with calls and emails opposing the ban.

This real-time demonstration of TikTok’s ability to influence public sentiment, amplify social narratives, and pressure lawmakers underscores its unparalleled capacity as a tool for shaping public policy and national opinions. When coupled with ByteDance’s links to the Chinese government, TikTok’s potential for misuse or mischief is alarming.

Another concern around a TikTok ban reversal is the fact that there is already a law addressing TikTok: the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (PAFACA), enacted in April 2024 as part of Public Law 118-50. This bipartisan legislation mandates that foreign adversary-controlled applications, like TikTok, must be divested or face a U.S. ban. As federal law, PAFACA cannot simply be reversed by presidential decree. A U.S. president cannot legally bypass Congress to nullify or override an existing law. Laws passed by Congress remain binding until they are repealed or amended by Congress or struck down by the courts.

Instead of bypassing Congress or undermining existing law, any changes to TikTok’s status should be addressed through the framework that PAFACA provides. Such a transparent process would ensure that decisions are made in public and on behalf of the public interest, not in the backrooms at Mar-a-Lago. With Republicans controlling both the House and Senate during the newly elected Congress, they have the power to amend or repeal PAFACA. However, doing so would require navigating a highly involved legislative process that would inevitably bring more scrutiny to Yass.

Trump’s options

Given Trump’s dominance of the federal courts at the highest level, he could use this route, but short of the courts, the president’s authority in this context is limited. Any Trump effort to unilaterally overturn a TikTok ban as president would be difficult to execute based on how the system is supposed to work.

Two options Trump would have are enforcement discretion and executive orders. The president has considerable discretion in how federal laws are enforced. For instance, executive agencies might prioritize certain aspects of a law over others, effectively scaling down enforcement in particular areas. While executive orders cannot override existing laws, they can guide how the executive branch implements them, potentially narrowing their scope. Presidents have historically used enforcement discretion to achieve policy objectives without openly violating the law. 

But addressing TikTok through the existing legal framework already established by PAFACA would allow for the consideration of balanced alternatives, such as requiring stricter data security measures, local data storage, or divestiture that places TikTok’s operations under U.S. ownership. These options could protect users’ access to the app while addressing legitimate security risks.

Many of these alternatives have been explored in public discussions and through proposals like “Project Texas,” and some have found their way into law. They have also been subject to criticism and challenges, largely about insufficient follow-through or the perception that these efforts are not thorough, would never be agreed to by the Chinese government, or are just incomplete or inadequate to address security concerns. But consideration of these remedies should continue — to date, the execution has been nonexistent rather than the proposals being outright failures. 

The broader implications of donor-driven policy

Trump’s March comments on TikTok get one thing right. It is important to acknowledge that TikTok’s immense popularity creates another unique dilemma. With over 150 million users in the U.S., the app is more than just a platform for entertainment — it has become a key tool for creativity, connection, and commerce, particularly among younger Americans and small businesses. This widespread use complicates the conversation, as any decision about TikTok’s future will inevitably affect millions of people who rely on it for various purposes.

However, the app’s popularity should not outweigh the national security concerns it poses, particularly given its ties to the Chinese government. ByteDance’s well-documented connections to the Chinese government have heightened fears in Washington about the potential misuse of TikTok’s data collection capabilities. These risks are not speculative — they reflect patterns of behavior consistent with Chinese state-sponsored cyber activities. Allowing donor-driven priorities to eclipse these legitimate security concerns undermines public trust in the policymaking process and erodes confidence in government institutions.

This situation raises a critical question: What other national priorities might be sacrificed to appease donors with outsized influence? If decisions about TikTok — an app that elicits bipartisan concerns about its national security implications — can be swayed, what does this mean for other pressing issues like energy policy, defense, or trade? The stakes are far too high to let financial interests dictate public policy outcomes.

Americans deserve a government that treats national security as a top priority and not one that is negotiable or secondary to the interests of private wealthy donors.

—By Dewardric McNeal, managing director & senior policy analyst at Longview Global and CNBC contributor, who served as an Asia policy specialist at the Defense Department during the Obama administration.